Press Release – 15/02/2010
Les métaux contenus dans des appareils électroniques utilisés au quotidien, tels que les téléphones mobiles et les ordinateurs, sont exploités illégalement en République démocratique du Congo (RDC) et financent un conflit responsable de millions de morts, a déclaré Global Witness le jour de l'ouverture du Congrès mondial de la téléphonie mondiale qui se tient à Barcelone.
Malgré toute une série de rapports de haut niveau publiés par les Nations Unies qui renseignent sur les liens entre les minerais et le conflit, les entreprises qui réalisent des bénéfices colossaux grâce à la vente de téléphones mobiles et d'autres appareils électroniques ne font pratiquement rien pour s'assurer que les composants de leurs produits ne proviennent pas de régions contrôlées par des groupes armés.
« Il est grand temps que les entreprises du secteur de l'électronique démontrent qu'elles prennent au sérieux l'élimination des minerais du conflit de leurs chaînes d'approvisionnement », a déclaré Daniel Balint-Kurti, chargé de campagne pour Global Witness. « Cela signifie qu'il leur faut exiger des fournisseurs qui s'approvisionnent en minerais de RDC qu'ils déclarent exactement de quelle mine proviennent ces minerais, et effectuer des contrôles ponctuels et des audits afin d'appuyer ces déclarations. Si les entreprises ne peuvent s'assurer que leurs minerais ne participent pas au financement du conflit, elles ne devraient pas en acheter ».
Les principales parties belligérantes de l'est du Congo - y compris la milice des FDLR, liée au Rwanda, et l'armée gouvernementale - contrôlent une large part du commerce lucratif de minerais servant à produire de l'étain, du tantale et du tungstène, ainsi que du commerce de l'or. Ces groupes commettent d'atroces atteintes contre la population civile, y compris des meurtres de masse, des viols, des actes de torture et un recrutement forcé.
Des sociétés internationales de transformation achètent des minerais à des comptoirs congolais, lesquels se procurent ces minerais dans des zones détenues par des groupes armés et des unités militaires. Les entreprises du secteur de l'électronique pourraient contribuer à éliminer cette pratique en exigeant des sociétés de transformation qu'elles prouvent que leurs produits ne participent pas au financement du conflit, faute de quoi la vente n'aura pas lieu. Cependant, peu de ces entreprises, pour ne pas dire aucune, n'a pris de telles mesures. Certaines affirment que leurs chaînes d'approvisionnement sont tout simplement trop complexes pour pouvoir être suivies de si près, mais les travaux de recherche menés par des ONG (organisations non gouvernementales) et des enquêteurs des Nations Unies indiquent que cet argument n'est pas valable.
Le Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies a récemment adopté une résolution qui prépare le terrain en vue de l'imposition d'un gel des avoirs et d'une interdiction de déplacement envers les entreprises qui soutiennent des groupes armés dans l'est du Congo grâce au commerce illicite de minerais. Étant donné la réticence des entreprises internationales à assumer leurs responsabilités, Global Witness demande instamment au Conseil de sécurité de commencer à imposer ces sanctions ciblées à toutes celles qui n'auront pas mis de l'ordre dans leurs pratiques.
« Les consommateurs ont le droit de savoir que les produits qu'ils achètent n'alimentent pas des crimes contre l'humanité », a précisé Balint-Kurti. « Les marques de l'électronique et d'autres entreprises qui emploient des minerais du conflit se retrouve en face d'une alternative claire: démontrer leur leadership ou se retrouver confrontées à l'indignation du public. »
/Fin
Contact : Daniel Balint-Kurti +44 207 492 5872 ou Mike Davis +44 207 492 5893 ou +44 7872 600 860
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